POEM (per oral endoscopic myotomy) is a minimally invasive procedure used by surgeons to treat eligible patients with achalasia symptoms. Achalasia is a rare digestive disorder in which the muscle at the bottom of the esophagus that acts as a valve fails to relax, preventing food from entering the stomach. Achalasia patients have difficulty swallowing. The surgeon inserts an endoscope into the patient's mouth during the procedure. The endoscope has a small camera that allows the surgeon to see the esophageal lining. The surgeon makes a small slit in the inner lining of the esophagus with a specially designed endoscopic tool to tunnel down to the sphincter muscle, which is a ring of muscle that allows access to the stomach. The surgeon then divides the muscle fibers that are obstructing food passage. The endoscope is removed and the slit is repaired once the surgeon confirms that the blockage caused by the malfunctioning sphincter muscle has been relieved. During the procedure, which usually takes two or three hours, patients are put under general anesthesia. Because every case is unique, the time it takes to complete the procedure varies.
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