Achalasia cardia, commonly referred to as achalasia, is an uncommon condition that makes swallowing challenging. The degradation of esophageal nerve cells is the main cause of achalasia (the food pipe). Unknown is the precise cause of this. In the oesophagus, the loss of nerve cells results in two significant swallowing problems. First off, when swallowed food is not adequately pushed forward down the oesophagus and into the stomach, it is because the muscles lining the oesophagus do not contract normally. Second, unlike in healthy individuals, the lower esophageal sphincter, a muscle valve, does not relax with swallowing. Because of this, the oesophagus above the LES that is still contracting starts to widen, which enables a lot of food and saliva to build up.
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