Achalasia cardia, also known as achalasia, is a rare disorder that causes difficulty swallowing. The primary cause of achalasia is esophageal nerve cell degeneration (the food pipe). The precise reason for this is unknown. The loss of nerve cells in the esophagus causes two major issues with swallowing. For starters, the muscles that line the esophagus do not contract normally, resulting in swallowed food not being properly pushed forward through the esophagus and into the stomach. Second, the lower esophageal sphincter, a muscular valve, does not relax with swallowing as it does in healthy people. As a result, the esophagus above the persistently contracted LES begins to dilate, allowing large amounts of food and saliva to accumulate.
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