Peroral refers to going through the mouth, Endoscopic refers to when doctors use a scope, and Myotomy refers to cutting the muscles. POEM is a minimally invasive therapeutic endoscopic procedure used to treat severe swallowing disorders and certain esophageal disorders by cutting the muscles. This endoscopic procedure is most commonly used to treat achalasia cardia and spastic esophageal motility disorder. Achalasia cardia is a common motility disorder characterized by high pressure in the lower esophageal sphincter and a motility problem in which the movement of the esophagus called peristalsis is not functioning properly, resulting in difficulty swallowing. The lower esophageal sphincter (LES), the muscle that controls the emptying of the esophagus into the stomach, is in tight spasms in patients with achalasia cardia. This can cause dysphagia (inability to swallow food), weight loss, food regurgitation, heartburn, nighttime coughing, intermittent chest pain, and weight loss.
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